Sound Performance Lab DJ Equipment 9737 User Manual

Manual  
Machine Head  
Model 9737  
Digital Tape Saturation Processor  
 
Foreword  
Thanks  
Introduction  
Operation Safety  
Connections  
3
3
4
5
6
Contents  
Installing Updates  
Quick Start  
6
7
Analogue Tape Recording Signal Flow  
Control Elements  
ACTIVE  
7
8
8
8
INPUT GAIN  
DRIVE  
HF-ADJUST  
8
9
OUTPUT GAIN  
HIGH TAPE SPEED  
LC-DISPLAY  
LED CHAINS  
PRESETS  
10  
10  
10  
10  
11  
11  
15  
16  
INFO (HARDWARE DIALOGUE)  
Specifications  
Warranty  
Dear customer,  
Foreword  
Thank you for the confidence you have shown towards SPL  
electronics GmbH by purchasing the SPL MACHINE HEAD. You  
have decided to use a tool of high performance which sets you  
in the position to have faster success and a better sound quality  
in your music productions, pre-masterings and masterings.  
As a typical SPL unit the MACHINE HEAD combines exemplary  
specifications and high manufacturing standard with excellent  
sound quality to provide you a precious component for studio  
and mastering purposes. Please read this manual carefully to  
ensure you have all the information you need to use the  
MACHINE HEAD.  
We wish you every success with the MACHINE HEAD.  
Your SOUND PERFORMANCE LAB-Team  
I would like to start with my thanks to all our staff, who  
created what is to be described here. Special thanks go to Kai  
Lukas from Lukas & Hartmann Soundart, Jörg Houpert and  
Klaus-Peter Webersinke from Spectral Design as well as  
Harald Obenland from Octum electronics. The importance of  
their exceptional qualification and talents cannot be overesti-  
mated.  
Thanks  
Our products are often tested and compared in many publica-  
tions and by our customers themselfs and constantly valued  
with best results. I would like to pass on this broad appreciation  
to those, who deserve it – my excellent colleagues.  
Hermann Gier  
© SPL electronics GmbH, Stand 10/97  
Machine Head  
3
 
The MACHINE HEAD is a creative sound and dynamics processor  
within SPL´s Digital-Red series.  
Introduction  
Concept: The algorithm used by MACHINE HEAD computes  
authentic tape saturation effects, hitherto unavailable in the  
digital domain.  
Creating authentic tape  
saturation effects.  
The subjective sonic effects are an increase in loudness and a  
better penetration of the mix at identical peak level. The sound  
becomes warmer and more powerful, and the process elimi-  
nates the harshness usually associated with digital recordings.  
The sound becomes warmer  
and more powerful, elimina-  
ting the harshness of digital  
recordings.  
MACHINE HEAD is designed for mastering applications. Mixes  
gain more power, punch and warmth. It is also suited to process  
single instruments, like electronic or acoustic guitars and  
basses, drums, loops and samples, as well as complete stereo  
mixes.  
The algorithm used by MACHINE HEAD precisely reproduces the  
analogue tape saturation effect, including hysteresis effects, the  
harmonic characteristic and both linear and non-lineare trans-  
mission-characteristic (other than level) that occur when recor-  
ding to analogue tape.  
Precise reproduction of:  
- tape saturation effect  
- hysteresis effect  
- harmonic characteristic  
- linear and non linear trans-  
mission characteristic  
The level behaviour and high frequency damping is repro-  
duced in a modified manner. To achieve the best possible signal  
to noise ratio, an auto gain cell has been implemented into the  
algorithm in order to create a processing range for saturation  
effects for full scale input signals and to deliver full scale output  
signals afterwords. The intensity of high frequency damping  
varies from one tape to another, and is therefore fully adju-  
stable one the MACHINE HEAD. It is now also possible to make  
use of extreme saturation effects without high frequency  
damping at all.  
Modified reproduction of:  
- level behaviour  
- high frequency damping  
Not reproduced are:  
- cross-talk  
- pre or post echos  
- noise floor  
In fact MACHINE HEAd provides all the benefits of analogue  
recording without any of the shortfalls – MACHINE HEAD does  
not reproduce cross-talk, pre or post echoes, noise floor (field  
noise, modulation noise) and motor speed fluctuation characte-  
ristics of analogue tape machines!  
- motor speed fluctuation  
Operation: MACHINE HEAD is operated with four controls and  
one switch function:  
Easy and intuitive operation  
INPUT GAIN: Controls the input level of the digital data  
stream  
DRIVE:  
Controls the drive or recording level of the  
“virtual analogue tape machine”  
HF-ADJUST: Controls the intensity of high frequency boost or  
damping  
OUTPUT GAIN:Controls the output level of the digital data  
stream  
HIGH TAPE SPEED: Switches from normal tape speed (15ips) to  
high tape speed (30ips).  
Machine Head  
© SPL electronics GmbH, Stand 11/96  
4
Machine Head  
 
Indicators and meters:  
SIGNAL-LEDs to verify data  
stream  
MACHINE HEAD is equipped with PPM displays for input and  
output levels. The first LED of each input and output meter is a  
signal (SIG.) LED which illuminates when a compatible digital  
data stream is present at the inputs. The LEDs are a first indi-  
cator to check the data stream. If the LEDs do not illuminate the  
data stream is interrupted or invalid.  
Clip-LEDs  
Input and Output  
PPM metering  
The top LEDs of each input and output meter indicate if a  
digital clip has occured at the inputs or due to processing within  
MACHINE HEAD. Clipping that is already present at the inputs will  
also be shown on the OUTPUT PPM chains.  
DRIVE-LED displays recording  
level  
The DRIVE LED chains display the drive or recording level that  
is sent to the virtual tape. The values shown range from -10dB  
to +21dB.  
The philosophy behind the digital audio processors is that  
they are designed to be operated like analogue units; there is  
only one INFO menu but no multi-function controls. The LCD  
readout simply shows the current encoder positions and the  
preset number. The encoders are built without clicks or detents,  
so they feel like analogue pots. Our DSP platform uses two  
Motorola 56002 DSPs running at 66MHz. This enormous  
computational power guarantees real-time operation where  
sophisticated DSP algorithms will not be restricted by resource  
limitations. The general concept is that each digital processor  
should fulfill only one task, in the most effective way possible,  
and with a minimum of controls and switches. As much as  
possible should be automated to promote user-friendly opera-  
tion – the external controls access only the sonically relevant  
parameters.  
The DSP Platform:  
Enormous computational  
power guaranteeing real-  
time operation  
„Analogue“ control feeling  
User-friendly programmed  
software  
The housing of the MACHINE HEAD has the standard 19"- EIA  
format and occupies 1U (44.45 mm) in your rack. When instal-  
ling the unit in a 19"-rack, the rear side of the unit needs some  
support, especially in a touring case.  
Operation Safety  
The MACHINE HEAD should not be installed near units which  
produce strong magnetic fields or extreme heat. Do not install  
the MACHINE HEAD directly above or below power amplifiers.  
Check that the voltage details quoted on the back panel  
are the same as your local mains electricity supply. Use a  
minus (-) screwdriver to set the voltage selector to the  
voltage for the area in which the unit will be used.  
Never cover up the ventilation slots on the top of the unit.  
If, during operation, the sound is interrupted or indicators  
no longer illuminate, or if abnormal odor or smoke is  
detected, or if liquids are spilled on the unit, immediately  
disconnect the power cord plug and contact your dealer.  
Only clean your MACHINE HEAD with a soft, lint-free cloth.  
Machine Head  
5
 
Before connecting the MACHINE HEAD switch the power off at  
all connected units.  
Connections  
The rear panel provides AES/EBU- and S/P-DIF-inputs and  
outputs. Any additional channel, status and user-bits are  
passed through unaltered, and the outputs can be used at the  
same time if required.  
The MACHINE HEAD operates with 24 bit word width. It accepts  
16 to 24 bit inputs and will create output signals according to  
the input resolution.  
For synchronisation purposes WORDCLOCK IN and WORDCLOCK  
THROUGH BNC connectors are fitted with a switchable 75 Ohm  
termination.  
MIDI IN and MIDI THROUGH connectors allow presets to be  
selected via MIDI program change commands.  
For easy upgrade of future software releases, the rear panel  
offers RS-232 interface for PC and RS-422 interface for MAC.  
Installing Updates:  
Note: All presets will be lost after installing a new software version!  
1. Connect your computer with the MACHINE HEAD via a  
serial port with a standard Z-modem cable.  
RS-232 for PC and RS-422 for MAC.  
2. Open a terminal program like “Hyperterminal” on PC  
and make the following adjustments:  
Baud rate: 9600; Stop bit: 1; Parity: none; Data bit: 8;  
Handshake: no; Transfer mode: ZMODEM  
3. Switch on the MACHINE HEAD and depress both  
PRESET UP and PRESET DOWN until the LC-display says  
“wait for Zmodem download“.  
4. Load the update file into your terminal  
program and send it to the MACHINE HEAD. The LC-  
display shows the progress of the download in kB.  
5. After successfully installing the new software version the  
LC-display says “download valid”.  
6. Switch the MACHINE HEAD off and on after 4 sec. The  
new software version number is displayed in the first  
INFO page (simultaneously depress STORE and APPLY;  
also refer to CONTROL ELEMENTS No. 9, INFO).  
7. If an error occurred during download the LC-display says  
“download failed”. The MACHINE HEAD now waits for a  
new download. Please check all adjustments on your  
terminal program and try again. If you are still un-  
successful contact your local dealer.  
6
Machine Head  
 
All controls are in the start-off positions:  
INPUT GAIN 0, DRIVE 0, HF-ADJUST 0,  
OUTPUT GAIN 0, TAPE SPEED 15  
Quick Start  
1. Press ACTIVE. LED illuminates.  
2. Increase the DRIVE-value to saturate the “virtual” tape.  
Set DRIVE to about 6. If the output level increases, use  
the OUTPUT GAIN control to compensate for the increase.  
3. If more saturation is wanted, it may be necessary to  
reduce the INPUT GAIN slightly to prevent clipping.  
4. Use the HF-ADJUST control to create the typical high  
frequency damping effect (negative values) or increase  
the high frequencies and harmonical content (positive  
values).  
High frequency  
Bias Current  
Analogue Tape  
Record  
Equaliser  
Playback  
Equaliser  
Recording Signal Flow  
Input  
Output  
Erase  
Head  
Record  
Head  
Playback  
Head  
Magnetic Tape:  
Hysteresis Curve  
The audio signal that passes the input electronics of an  
analogue tape machine is first processed by the recording  
equalizer. The high frequencies are boosted to compensate for  
the level loss of those frequencies during magnetization and to  
improve the signal to noise ratio.  
A high frequency bias current is afterwards added to the  
signal to linearize the non linear hysteresis transfer curve of the  
magnetization.  
The recording head converts the current of the input signal  
into a magnetic field. The field magnetizes the magnetic  
particles on the passing tape. This process is physically complex  
and non linear. Hysteresis curves lead to the typical saturation  
effect and to the effect of short wavelength losses.  
The playback head converts the magnetic field of the passing  
tape back into current and voltage. The playback equalizer has  
a normed frequency response (e.g. CCIR/NAB) which makes  
the overall freqency response flat and compensates for the  
additional boost in the recording equalizer.  
Machine Head  
7
 
Control Elements  
7
6
9
5
1
8
2 3  
10  
4
1
The ACTIVE function switches the MACHINE HEAD on or off. The  
illuminated LED indicates that the processing has been  
activated.  
Active  
The software bypass also compensates for the 5ms time  
delay between processed and unprocessed signal.  
Relay hard-bypass for  
AES/EBU input and output  
The AES/EBU input and output are equipped with relay-  
hard-bypass. In the event of a power failure the MACHINE HEAD  
is automatically switched to hard-bypass (power failure safety)  
without interrupting the data flow.  
INPUT GAIN adjusts the input level of the digital data stream .  
Adjustable values range from -12.0dB to +12.0dB in 0.1dB  
steps. The value is shown in the LC-display (see 6) and the INPUT  
PPM meters displays the actual input level after theINPUT GAIN  
control.  
2
Input Gain  
In practise you will start with the INPUT GAIN set to 0dB. For  
most applications this is the appropriate setting. If your source  
material is of ver y low level or not normalized yet, you can use  
the INPUT GAIN control to drive the source material near full  
scale. If you are processing full scale material it may be neces-  
sary to reduce the input signal by one or two dBs to create new  
headroom for the processing. Reduce the INPUT GAIN with the  
proviso of the INPUT-CLIP LEDS (see 8).  
The DRIVE control is the most important parameter of the  
MACHINE HEAD. You set the recording level above the normal  
working level of the analogue tape machine. The adjustable  
values range from -7 to +14 in 0.2dB steps and will be shown  
in the LC-display (see 7). The corresponding recording level is  
displayed by the DRIVE LEVEL-LED bars (see 8).  
3
Drive  
Setting the recording level of  
the ‘virtual tape machine’  
8
Machine Head  
 
The higher the DRIVE the more intense gets the saturation of  
the tape. While increasing the DRIVE value the output level may  
increase, too. Compensate for this by reducing the OUTPUT GAIN  
value (see 5) and monitor the OUTPUT LEVEL meters. The subjec-  
tively the perceived loudness will increase more dramatic than  
the actual PPM value!  
Practical values for the DRIVE  
are 3 to 8.  
Recommended values are 3 to 8 for the DRIVE-parameter  
which corresponds with +10dB to +15dB for the actual DRIVE  
LEVEL shown in the LED meter bar.  
When booting the MACHINE HEAD the default value of the  
DRIVE parameter will be 0 in the LC-display. If you have “the  
perfect pitch” you can already hear slight saturation effects. To  
keep the handling of the MACHINE HEAD as simple as possible, it  
is necessary to provide a 1:1 level when activating the process  
for instant comparison between unprocessed and processed  
signal. Internally the MACHINE HEAD has to create a headroom –  
especially when processing full scale material – to compute the  
tape saturation algorithm. With a DRIVE set to ‘true 0’ you will  
loose 7dB headroom. As a starting position the DRIVE is there-  
fore set to 0 which is equivalent to +7dB of recording level.  
Therefore you also have negative values for the DRIVE para-  
meter. A ‘true’ 1:1 input/output setting is achieved by setting  
the DRIVE to -7dB and the INPUTGAIN to +7dB.  
The paragraph besides offers  
some information on internal  
signal level management.  
The corresponding level is displayed in DRIVE LEVEL PPM  
meters (see 8).  
Above: original signal  
Below: processed signal  
showing increased loudness  
Both signals are normalized  
to 0dBFs.  
The HF-ADJUST control allows you to control the amount of  
high frequency damping or boosting. The control range is -6  
(max. damping) to +6 (max boost).  
4
HF-Adjust  
The higher you saturate a real tape the more high frequency  
damping takes place. With the MACHINE HEAD you can set the  
amount of damping independent of the DRIVE LEVEL. You can  
either use a strong damping effect with low saturation or the  
other way around. This freedom is not offered by a real tape  
machine.  
Adjusting the high frequency  
damping effects  
On the other hand you can boost the high frequencies which  
simulates overemphasized harmonics e. g. due to improper  
calibration of the tape machine or differences in tape quality.  
Machine Head  
9
 
OUTPUT GAIN varies the output level of the digital data stream.  
It is variable between -12dB and +12dB in 0.1dB steps.  
5
Output Gain  
The adjusted OUTPUT GAIN value is shown in the LC-display  
(see 7) and in the OUTPUT PPM meter (see 8).  
Compensating a level  
and/or loudness increase  
due to processing  
In practice you will start with the OUTPUT GAIN set to 0dB. In  
case you have used high DRIVE values you will use the OUTPUT  
GAIN to compensate for the slight level increase.  
You can also use the OUTPUT GAIN control to compensate for  
the loudness difference between unprocessed and processed  
signal to judge upon the sonic effect alone. After you have  
reduced the OUTPUT GAIN until original and processed signal  
have the same loudness you can readout the loudness increase  
on the OUTPUT PPM meters compared to the INPUT PPM meters.  
Also, if you have chosen a positve setting on the HF-ADJUST  
control, it may be necessary to reduce the OUTPUT GAIN slightly  
in order to prevent clipping. Watch the CLIP-LEDS!  
You will set a positive OUTPUT GAIN, when there is still  
headroom left after processing. Always check this on the  
loudest part of the audio file being processed and watch the  
CLIP-LEDs.  
With the HIGH TAPE SPEED switch you can change the speed of  
the vitual tape from standard tape speed (15ips) to high tape  
speed (30ips).  
High Tape Speed  
6
When HIGH TAPE SPEED is activated the algorithm simulates  
the pre-emphasis for high speed recording. The upper mid and  
high frequencies as well as the harmonical content gain better  
resolution and finer detail.  
Gaining a finer high  
frequency resolution when  
selecting HIGH TAPE SPEED.  
Note that the 40Hz to 70Hz bass-reduction induced when  
recording to analog tape at 30ips is not reproduced!  
The LC-display shows all encoder settings and the number of  
the preset being used in the last session with the MACHINE HEAD  
(for details on PRESETS refer to 9).  
7
8
LC-display  
LED chains  
More information is displayed when activating the INFO pages  
(see 10). Press STORE and APPLY for 1 sec. to enter the INFO  
pages.  
The INPUT and OUTPUT LED chains are PPM (peak level) meters  
with signal and clip indicators. The metering offers 1dB resol-  
tion for the last 3dB before 0dB.  
The INPUT PPM meters show the peak level after the INPUT  
GAIN control (see 2).  
10  
Machine Head  
 
The DRIVE LEVEL metering shows the recording level of the  
“virtual tape machine”. The display range is -10dB to +21dB.  
The DRIVE LEVEL ist adjusted with the DIRVE control (see 3).  
The OUTPUT PPM meters show the peak level after the OUTPUT  
GAIN control (see 5).  
The first LED in each INPUT and OUTPUT PPM meter is a signal  
(SIG.) LED to indicate that a valid digital source is connected and  
detected. This LED helps you to verify the signal flow within a  
digital processing chain. If one SIG. LED is not illuminating you  
have a first indication of a faulty digital signal flow.  
The last LED of each INPUT and OUTPUT PPM meter is a CLIP  
LED. The LED illuminates if the digital signal is too hot causing  
digital distortion.  
The MACHINE HEAD allows you to store up to 99 presets, which  
can be changed by MIDI program change command.  
9
Presets  
If you want to store a new adjustment, depress STORE for one  
second. The LED starts to flash indicating that the STORE mode  
has been activated. The LC-display now shows the values of the  
presets (including the BOOST function) before the MACHINE HEAD  
was switched off the last time. Use UP and DOWN to select a  
new preset number. The status-LED flashes shortly to indicate  
that the input (depressing UP or DOWN) is accepted. Keeping UP  
or DOWN depressed will let you jump through the preset list in  
steps of 5 presets. Once a new preset location is found depress  
STORE again. The STORE LED goes out. The preset is stored at the  
new location.  
Storing a preset:  
Depress STORE for1 sec.,  
LED flashes;  
use UP/DOWN to select  
preset no.;  
depress STORE again,  
LED goes out, preset is  
stored  
In case you want to quit the STORE mode without storing the  
new adjustments simply press APPLY.  
If you want to apply various presets depress APPLY for one  
second. The APPLY LED starts to flash indicating that the APPLY  
mode is activated. You can step through the preset list with UP  
and DOWN. Once you have a preset that you want to apply  
depress APPLY again. The APPLY LED goes out indicating that the  
preset is applied.  
Applying a preset:  
Depress APPLY for1 sec.,  
LED flashes;  
use UP/DOWN to select  
preset no.;  
depress APPLY again,  
LED goes out, preset is  
applied  
In case you want to quit the APPLY mode without applying the  
new preset simply press STORE.  
Operation safety:  
Presets can not be changed  
by accident  
NOTE: To increase operation safety it is impossible to apply  
presets by simply depressing UP or DOWN. The UP and DOWN  
status-LEDs will not flash indicating that the input is not  
accepted. You have to depress STORE or APPLY for one second in  
order to activate the UP and DOWN buttons.  
Machine Head  
11  
 
Depressing STORE and APPLY simultanouesly for about one  
second gets you into a hardware dialogue, called INFO. The LC-  
display shows status informations of the digital data stream.  
With UP/DOWN you will jump from one page to the next or  
previous. If a selection is provided use APPLY to select.  
10  
Info  
1. Software version and date  
2. Selecting inputs:  
The MACHINE HEAD automatically searches for an input signal.  
If both inputs are connected the AES/EBU input will be  
selected first. If you want to select the S/P-DIF input you have  
to call up the INFO pages.  
IMPORTANT: When selecting a new input allow the SIG.-  
LEDS to go out before stepping to the next input format.  
Otherwise MACHINE HEAD may lose the data stream.  
AES/EBU input detected  
or:  
no AES/EBU input detected.  
Press APPLY (if AES/EBU is detected):  
AES/EBU input with wordclock detected  
or:  
AES/EBU input without wordclock detected  
Press APPLY :  
S/P-DIF-Eingang detected  
or:  
no S/P-DIF input detected  
12  
Machine Head  
 
Press APPLY (if S/P-DIF is detected):  
S/P-DIF with wordclock detected  
or:  
S/P-DIF input without wordclock is detected  
3. Displaying the detected sample frequency:  
The SAMPLE FREQUENCY will be detected automatically.  
The display either shows 44,1 kHz, 48 kHz or 32 kHz.  
4. Displaying the Audio-Error flag:  
NO = no error detected; YES = error detected  
5. Displaying the CRC-Error flag:  
NO = no error detected; YES = error detected  
6. Displaying the Channel Difference Error flag:  
NO = no error detected; YES = error detected  
7. Setting or erasing the Copy-Prohibit flag:  
NO = flag erased or not set; YES = flag set  
8. Displaying the Original flag:  
NO = no original; YES = original  
Machine Head  
13  
 
9. Displaying the Emphasis flag:  
NO = no emphasis; YES = with emphasis  
10. Selecting a serial port:  
RS-232 interface for update-download from PCs  
or (press APPLY):  
RS-422 interface for update-download from MACs.  
11. Selecting a MIDI channel:  
Depress APPLY to step from MIDI CHANNEL 01 up to  
MIDI CHANNEL 16.  
In order to increase operation safety only send the necessary  
MIDI data to the MACHINE HEAD. Unnecessary information may  
lead to system failure.  
You can use MIDI to create a MIDI fade out, if you are  
working with a digital console that does not provide master  
inserts. The UP and DOWN LEDS illuminate indicating that a  
volume change command is received.  
You can also switch between presets with the MIDI program  
change command. This can especially be useful, when you are  
mastering a song, for example, that requires different settings  
for chorus, refrain, or bridge. The APPLY LED illuminates indica-  
ting that a program change command is received.  
MIDI IMPLEMENTATIONS  
Function  
Change  
7
Received Data  
1-16  
Note  
Basic Channel:  
Control Change:  
Program Change:  
stored  
1-127  
Volume  
real value  
0-99  
Software Version 1.0 12/1996  
You leave the INFO pages by depressing STORE.  
14  
Machine Head  
 
Input/Output  
Sample rate frequency, autom.  
Specifications  
32-48kHz  
AES 3  
AES/EBU, twisted pair (1)  
AES/EBU in- & output impedance 110 Ohms  
S/P-DIF, co-axial (2)  
SPDIF-2  
S/P-DIF input impedance  
75 Ohms  
Wordclock In/Through, co-axial BNC  
Wordclock in-/output impedance 75 Ohms  
MIDI In/Through  
yes  
yes  
yes  
yes  
yes  
yes  
yes  
RS 232  
RS 422 (max +/- 14V)  
Clip display  
Input transformer (AES/EBU)  
Output transformer (AES/EBU)  
Relay Hard Bypass (AES/EBU)  
Measurements  
AES/EBU: Jitter  
S/P-DIF: Jitter  
1ns  
3ns  
Wordclock In: Jitter  
1,5ns  
Power supply  
Torroidal transformer  
Fuse  
60 VA  
1,6 A/slow blow  
yes  
GND-Lift switch  
Voltage selector  
115V/230V  
Dimensions  
Housing  
19"/1U;  
482 x 44,45 x 350mm  
4,9 kg  
Weight  
(1) AES/EBU is defined for levels from 2V to 7V  
Measurements AES/EBU: 4,4V with load  
(2) S/P-DIF is defined for levels from 200mV to 700mV  
Measurements S/P-DIF: 500mV with load  
Subject to change without notice.  
Machine Head  
15  
 
SPL electronics GmbH (hereafter called SPL) products are  
warranted only in the country where purchased, through  
the authorized SPL distributor in that country, against  
defects in material or workmanship. The specific period of  
this limited warranty shall be that which is described to the  
original retail purchaser by the authorized SPL dealer or  
distributor at the time of purchase.  
Warranty  
SPL does not, however, warrant its products against any  
and all defects:  
1) arising out of materials or workmanship not provided  
or furnished by SPL, or 2) resulting from abnormal use of  
the product or use in violation of instructions, or 3) in  
products repaired or serviced by other than authorized SPL  
repair facilities, or 4) in products with removed or defaced  
serial numbers, or 5) in components or parts or products  
expressly warranted by another manufacturer.  
SPL agrees, through the applicable authorized distributor,  
to repair or replace defects covered by this limited warranty  
with parts or products of original or improved design, at its  
option in each respect, if the defective product is shipped  
prior to the end of the warranty period to the designated  
authorized SPL warranty repair facility in the country where  
purchased, or to the SPL factory in Germany, in the original  
packaging or a replacement supplied by SPL, with all trans-  
portation costs and full insurance paid each way by the  
purchaser or owner.  
All remedies and the measure of damages are limited to  
the above services. It is possible that economic loss or injury  
to person or property may result from the failure of the  
product; however, even if SPL has been advised of this  
possibility, this limited warranty does not cover any such  
consequential or incidental damages. Some states or coun-  
tries do not allow the limitations or exclusion of incidental  
or consequential damages, so the above limitation may not  
apply to you.  
Any and all warranties, express or implied, arising by law,  
course of dealing, course of performance, usage of trade, or  
otherwise, including but not limited to implied warranties  
of merchantability and fitness for particular, are limited to a  
period of 1 (one) year from either the date of manufacture.  
Some states or countries do not allow limitations on how  
long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitations  
may not apply to you.  
This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights, and  
you may also have other rights which vary from state to  
state, country to country.  
SPL electronics GmbH  
41372 Niederkrüchten, Germany  
16  
Machine Head  
 

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