Casio Calculator FX9750GIIWE User Manual

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR  
FOR THE FIRST TIME...  
This calculator does not contain any main batteries when you purchase it. Be sure to perform  
the following procedure to load batteries, reset the calculator, and adjust the contrast before  
trying to use the calculator for the first time.  
1. Remove the back cover from the calculator by pressing it in the direction indicated by  
arrow 1, and then sliding it in the direction indicated by arrow 2.  
P
1
2
2. Load the four batteries that come with calculator.  
• Make sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) ends of the batteries are facing correctly.  
P
MAIN  
BACK UP  
3. Remove the insulating sheet at the location marked “BACK UP” by pulling in the direction  
indicated by the arrow.  
P
MAIN  
BACK UP  
4. Replace the back cover onto the calculator and turn the calculator front side up, which  
should automatically turn on power and perform the memory reset operation.  
P
MAIN  
i
 
KEYS  
Alpha Lock  
Normally, once you press a and then a key to input an alphabetic character, the keyboard  
reverts to its primary functions immediately. If you press ! and then a, the keyboard  
locks in alpha input until you press a again.  
iii  
 
KEY TABLE  
Page  
146  
Page  
151  
Page  
129  
Page  
174  
Page  
164  
Page  
136  
333  
33  
4
3
2
2
31  
57  
56  
57  
56  
56  
56  
55  
55  
57  
46  
55  
55  
55  
55  
56  
56  
57  
46  
59  
59  
25  
Page  
Page  
Page  
Page  
Page  
24  
23  
46  
46  
46  
46  
55  
46  
49  
46  
iv  
 
Quick-Start  
Switching Power On And Off  
Auto Power Off Function  
Using Modes  
Basic Calculations  
Replay Features  
Fraction Calculations  
Exponents  
Graph Functions  
Dual Graph  
Box Zoom  
Dynamic Graph  
Table Function  
 
Quick-Start  
Welcome to the world of graphing calculators and the CASIO fx-9750G.  
Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it takes you through many of the most common  
functions, from turning the power on to graphing complex equations. When you’re done, you’ll  
have mastered the basic operation of the fx-9750G and will be ready to proceed with the rest  
of this manual to learn the entire spectrum of functions available.  
Each step of the examples in Quick-Start is shown graphically to help you follow along  
quickly and easily. When you need to enter the number 57, for example, we’ve indicated it as  
follows:  
Press fh  
Whenever necessary, we’ve included samples of what your screen should look like.  
If you find that your screen doesn’t match the sample, you can restart from the beginning by  
pressing the “All Clear” button  
.
o
SWITCHING POWER ON AND OFF  
To switch power on, press o.  
OFF  
To switch power off, press !  
.
o
AUTO POWER OFF FUNCTION  
Note that the unit automatically switches power off if you do not perform any operation for  
about six minutes (about 60 minutes when a calculation is stopped by an output command  
(^)).  
USING MODES  
The fx-9750G makes it easy to perform a wide range of calculations by simply selecting  
the appropriate mode. Before getting into actual calculations and operation examples, let’s  
take a look at how to navigate around the modes.  
To select the RUN Mode  
1. Press m to display the Main Menu.  
vi  
 
Quick-Start  
2. Use defc to highlight RUN and then  
press  
.
w
This is the initial screen of the RUN mode, where you  
can perform manual calculations, and run programs.  
BASIC CALCULATIONS  
With manual calculations, you input formulas from left to right, just as they are written on  
paper. With formulas that include mixed arithmetic operators and parentheses, the calculator  
automatically applies true algebraic logic to calculate the result.  
Example: 15 × 3 + 61  
1. Press o to clear the calculator.  
2. Pressbf*d+gbw.  
Parentheses Calculations  
Example: 15 × (3 + 61)  
1. Pressbf*(d  
+gb)w.  
Built-In Functions  
The fx-9750G includes a number of built-in scientific functions, including trigonometric and  
logarithmic functions.  
Example: 25 × sin 45˚  
Important!  
Be sure that you specify Deg (degrees) as the angle unit before you try this  
example.  
vii  
 
Quick-Start  
1. Presso.  
SET UP  
m to switch the set up display.  
2. Press!  
3. Presscccc1 (Deg) to specify  
degrees as the angle unit.  
4. PressJ to clear the menu.  
5. Presso to clear the unit.  
6. Presscf*sefw.  
REPLAY FEATURES  
With the replay feature, simply press dor eto recall the last calculation that was  
performed. This recalls the calculation so you can make changes or re-execute it as it is.  
Example: To change the calculation in the last example from (25 × sin 45˚) to (25 × sin 55˚)  
1. Press d to display the last calculation.  
2. Press d twice to move the cursor under the 4.  
3. Press f.  
4. Press w to execute the calculation again.  
viii  
 
Quick-Start  
FRACTION CALCULATIONS  
You can use the $ key to input fractions into calculations. The symbol “ { ” is used to  
separate the various parts of a fraction.  
37  
Example: 1 15  
/
16  
+
/
9
1. Presso.  
2. Pressb$bf$  
bg+dh$  
jw.  
Indicates 6 7/144  
Converting a Mixed Fraction to an Improper Fraction  
d/c  
While a mixed fraction is shown on the display, press  
to convert it to an  
!
$
improper fraction.  
d/c  
Press  
again to convert back to a mixed fraction.  
!
$
Converting a Fraction to Its Decimal Equivalent  
While a fraction is shown on the display, press Mto convert it to its decimal equivalent.  
Press M again to convert back to a fraction.  
ix  
 
Quick-Start  
EXPONENTS  
Example: 1250 × 2.065  
1. Presso.  
2. Pressbcfa*c.ag.  
3. PressM and the ^ indicator appears on the display.  
4. Pressf. The ^5 on the display indicates that 5 is  
an exponent.  
5. Pressw.  
x
 
Quick-Start  
GRAPH FUNCTIONS  
The graphing capabilities of this calculator makes it possible to draw complex graphs  
using either rectangular coordinates (horizontal axis: x ; vertical axis: y) or polar coordinates  
(angle: θ ; distance from origin: r).  
Example 1: To graph Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)  
1. Press m.  
2. Use d, e, f, and cto highlight GRAPH,  
and then press  
.
w
3. Input the formula.  
v(v+b)  
(v-c)w  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
4. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graph.  
Example 2: To determine the roots of Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)  
1. Press ! 5 (G-Solv).  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
xi  
 
Quick-Start  
2. Press 1 (ROOT).  
Press e for other roots.  
Example 3: Determine the area bounded by the origin and the X = –1  
root obtained for Y = X(X + 1)(X – 2)  
1. Press !5 (G-Solv).  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
2. Press 6 (g).  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
3. Press 3 ( dx).  
4. Use eto move the pointer to the location where X = –1,  
and then press w. Next, use e again to move the  
pointer to the location where X = 0, and then press w  
to input the integration range, which becomes shaded  
on the display.  
xii  
 
Quick-Start  
DUAL GRAPH  
With this function you can split the display between two areas and display two graphs on  
the same screen.  
Example: To draw the following two graphs and determine the points of intersection  
Y1 = X(X + 1)(X – 2)  
Y2 = X + 1.2  
1. Press !Zcc1(Grph) to specify  
“Graph” for the Dual Screen setting.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
2. Press J, and then input the two functions.  
v(v+b)  
(v-c)w  
v+b.cw  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
3. Press 6 (DRAW) or w to draw the graphs.  
BOX ZOOM  
Use the Box Zoom function to specify areas of a graph for enlargement.  
1. Press ! 2(Zoom) 1 (BOX).  
2. Use d, e, f, and cto move the pointer  
to one corner of the area you want to specify and then  
press  
.
w
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Quick-Start  
3. Use d, e, f, and cto move the pointer  
again. As you do, a box appears on the display. Move  
the pointer so the box encloses the area you want to  
enlarge.  
4. Press w, and the enlarged area appears in the in-  
active (right side) screen.  
DYNAMIC GRAPH  
Dynamic Graph lets you see how the shape of a graph is affected as the value assigned to  
one of the coefficients of its function changes.  
Example: To draw graphs as the value of coefficient A in the following  
function changes from 1 to 3  
Y = AX2  
1. Press m.  
2. Use d, e, f, and c to highlight DYNA,  
and then press  
.
w
3. Input the formula.  
aAvxw  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
xiv  
 
Quick-Start  
4. Press 4(VAR) bwto assign an initial value  
of 1 to coefficient A.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
5. Press 2(RANG) bwdwbw  
to specify the range and increment of change in coeffi-  
cient A.  
6. Press J.  
7. Press 6(DYNA) to start Dynamic Graph drawing.  
The graphs are drawn 10 times.  
↓↑  
↓↑  
xv  
 
Quick-Start  
TABLE FUNCTION  
The Table Function makes it possible to generate a table of solutions as different values  
are assigned to the variables of a function.  
Example: To create a number table for the following function  
Y = X (X+1) (X–2)  
1. Press m.  
2. Use d, e, f, and cto highlight TABLE,  
and then press  
.
w
3. Input the formula.  
v(v+b)  
(v-c)w  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
4. Press 6 (TABL) or w to generate the number  
table.  
After you’ve completed this Quick-Start section, you are well on your way to becoming an  
expert user of the CASIO fx-9750G.  
To learn all about the many powerful features of the fx-9750G, read on and explore!  
xvi  
 
Handling Precautions  
• Your calculator is made up of precision components. Never try to take it apart.  
• Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to strong impact.  
• Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or large  
amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may require more time to display  
results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back  
to normal temperature.  
• The display will go blank and keys will not operate during calculations. When you are operating the  
keyboard, be sure to watch the display to make sure that all your key operations are being performed  
correctly.  
• Replace the main batteries once every 2 years regardless of how much the calculator is used during  
that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage the  
unit.  
• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.  
• Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth, or  
with a cloth that has been dipped in a solution of water and a neutral detergent and wrung out.  
• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for any damages,  
expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising out of loss of data and/or formulas  
arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. The user should prepare physical records of  
data to protect against such data loss.  
• Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.  
• When the “Low battery!” message appears on the display, replace the main power supply batteries as  
soon as possible.  
• Be sure that the power switch is set to OFF when replacing batteries.  
• If the calculator is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be damaged or  
the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the All Reset operation to clear the memory and  
restore normal key operation.  
• If the calculator stops operating correctly for some reason, use a thin, pointed object to press the P  
button on the back of the calculator. Note, however, that this clears all the data in calculator memory.  
• Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or can  
damage the calculator’s memory contents.  
• Using the calculator near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio reception.  
• Before assuming malfunction of the unit, be sure to carefully reread this manual and ensure that the  
problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming or operational errors.  
xvii  
 
Be sure to keep physical records of all important data!  
The large memory capacity of the unit makes it possible to store large amounts of data. You should note,  
however, that low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the unit can cause  
the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected by  
strong electrostatic charge or strong impact.  
Since this calculator employs unused memory as a work area when performing its internal calculations,  
an error may occur when there is not enough memory available to perform calculations. To avoid such  
problems, it is a good idea to leave 1 or 2 kbytes of memory free (unused) at all times.  
In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or  
consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials.  
Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the  
use of these materials by any other party.  
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.  
• No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the  
manufacturer.  
• The options described in Chapter 20 of this manual may not be available in certain geographic  
areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO dealer or distributor.  
xviii  
 
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Contents  
Getting Acquainted — Read This First!........................................ 1  
1. Key Markings.......................................................................................... 2  
2. Selecting Icons and Entering Modes ................................................... 3  
Using the Set Up Screen ............................................................................... 4  
Set Up Screen Function Key Menus ............................................................. 5  
3. Display .................................................................................................. 10  
About the Display Screen ............................................................................ 10  
About Menu Item Types............................................................................... 10  
Exponential Display ..................................................................................... 11  
Special Display Formats .............................................................................. 12  
Calculation Execution Screen...................................................................... 12  
4. Contrast Adjustment............................................................................ 13  
5. When you keep having problems… ................................................... 14  
Get the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings ................................ 14  
In Case of Hang Up ..................................................................................... 14  
Low Battery Message .................................................................................. 14  
Chapter 1 Basic Operation ......................................................... 15  
1-1 Before Starting Calculations... ..................................................... 16  
Setting the Angle Unit (Angle) ..................................................................... 16  
Setting the Display Format (Display) ........................................................... 16  
Inputting Calculations .................................................................................. 19  
Calculation Priority Sequence ..................................................................... 19  
Multiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign ................................ 20  
Stacks .......................................................................................................... 21  
Input, Output and Operation Limitations ...................................................... 21  
Overflow and Errors..................................................................................... 22  
Memory Capacity ........................................................................................ 22  
Graphic Display and Text Display ................................................................ 23  
Editing Calculations ..................................................................................... 23  
1-2 Memory ........................................................................................... 25  
Variables...................................................................................................... 25  
Function Memory......................................................................................... 26  
Memory Status (MEM) ................................................................................ 28  
Clearing Memory Contents ......................................................................... 30  
1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu ..................................................................... 31  
1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu ...........................................................33  
1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu ................................................................. 43  
xx  
 
Contents  
Chapter 2 Manual Calculations.................................................. 45  
2-1 Basic Calculations ......................................................................... 46  
Arithmetic Calculations ................................................................................ 46  
Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Exponential  
Notation Range ...................................................................................... 46  
Calculations Using Variables ....................................................................... 48  
2-2 Special Functions .......................................................................... 49  
Answer Function .......................................................................................... 49  
Performing Continuous Calculations ........................................................... 49  
Using the Replay Function .......................................................................... 50  
Making Corrections in the Original Calculation ........................................... 50  
Using Multistatements ................................................................................. 51  
2-3 Function Calculations ................................................................... 52  
Function Menus ........................................................................................... 52  
Angle Units .................................................................................................. 55  
Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions .................................... 55  
Logarithmic and Exponential Functions ...................................................... 56  
Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ............................................. 56  
Other Functions ........................................................................................... 57  
Coordinate Conversion ................................................................................ 58  
Permutation and Combination ..................................................................... 58  
Fractions ...................................................................................................... 59  
Engineering Notation Calculations .............................................................. 60  
Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT) ............................................................ 61  
Chapter 3 Solve, Differential/Quadratic Differential, Integration,  
Maximum/Minimum Value, and Σ Calculations ....... 63  
3-1 Function Analysis Menu ............................................................... 64  
3-2 Solve Calculations ......................................................................... 65  
3-3 Differential Calculations................................................................ 67  
Applications of Differential Calculations ...................................................... 69  
3-4 Quadratic Differential Calculations .............................................. 70  
Quadratic Differential Applications .............................................................. 71  
3-5 Integration Calculations ................................................................ 72  
Application of Integration Calculation .......................................................... 73  
3-6 Maximum/Minimum Value Calculations ....................................... 75  
3-7 Σ Calculations ................................................................................ 77  
Example Σ Calculation................................................................................. 77  
Σ Calculation Applications ........................................................................... 78  
xxi  
 
Contents  
Σ Calculation Precautions............................................................................ 78  
Chapter 4 Complex Numbers..................................................... 79  
4-1 Before Beginning a Complex Number Calculation..................... 80  
4-2 Performing Complex Number Calculations................................. 81  
Arithmetic Operations .................................................................................. 81  
Reciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares ................................................... 81  
Absolute Value and Argument ..................................................................... 82  
Conjugate Complex Numbers ..................................................................... 82  
Extraction of Real and Imaginary Number Parts ......................................... 83  
4-3 Complex Number Calculation Precautions ................................. 84  
Chapter 5 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal  
Calculations ............................................................... 85  
5-1 Before Beginning a Binary, Octal, Decimal, or Hexadecimal  
Calculation ..................................................................................... 86  
5-2 Selecting a Number System ......................................................... 88  
5-3 Arithmetic Operations ................................................................... 89  
5-4 Negative Values and Logical Operations ..................................... 90  
Negative Values ........................................................................................... 90  
Logical Operations ...................................................................................... 90  
Chapter 6 Matrix Calculations.................................................... 91  
6-1 Before Performing Matrix Calculations ....................................... 92  
About Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns) ...................................................... 92  
Creating a Matrix ......................................................................................... 92  
Deleting Matrices......................................................................................... 93  
6-2 Matrix Cell Operations................................................................... 95  
Row Calculations ......................................................................................... 95  
Row Operations ........................................................................................... 97  
Column Operations ..................................................................................... 99  
6-3 Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands ........................... 101  
Matrix Data Input Format........................................................................... 101  
Modifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands ............................................ 103  
6-4 Matrix Calculations...................................................................... 106  
Matrix Arithmetic Operations ..................................................................... 106  
Matrix Scalar Product ................................................................................ 108  
Determinant ............................................................................................... 109  
xxii  
 
Contents  
Matrix Transposition................................................................................... 110  
Matrix Inversion ......................................................................................... 110  
Squaring a Matrix ...................................................................................... 111  
Raising a Matrix to a Power ....................................................................... 112  
Determining the Absolute Value, Integer Part, Fraction Part, and  
Maximum Integer of a Matrix ............................................................... 113  
Chapter 7 Equation Calculations............................................. 115  
7-1 Before Beginning an Equation Calculations............................. 116  
Entering an Equation Calculation Mode .................................................... 116  
Clearing Equation Memories ..................................................................... 116  
7-2 Linear Equations with Two to Six Unknowns ............................ 117  
Entering the Linear Equation Mode for Two to Six Unknowns................... 117  
Solving Linear Equations with Three Unknowns ....................................... 118  
Changing Coefficients ............................................................................... 119  
Clearing All the Coefficients ...................................................................... 119  
7-3 Quadratic and Cubic Equations ................................................. 120  
Entering the Quadratic/Cubic Equation Mode ........................................... 120  
Solving a Quadratic or Cubic Equation ..................................................... 120  
Quadratic equations that produce multiple root (1 or 2) solutions or  
imaginary number solutions................................................................. 121  
Changing Coefficients ............................................................................... 122  
Clearing All the Coefficients ...................................................................... 122  
7-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs ............................................. 123  
Chapter 8 Graphing .................................................................. 125  
8-1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph ................................................... 126  
Entering the Graph Mode .......................................................................... 126  
8-2 View Window (V-Window) Settings ............................................ 127  
Initializing and Standardizing the View Window ........................................ 129  
View Window Memory ............................................................................... 130  
8-3 Graph Function Operations ........................................................ 132  
Specifying the Graph Type ........................................................................ 132  
Storing Graph Functions ........................................................................... 132  
Editing Functions in Memory ..................................................................... 134  
Drawing a Graph ....................................................................................... 135  
8-4 Graph Memory ............................................................................. 138  
8-5 Drawing Graphs Manually........................................................... 140  
xxiii  
 
Contents  
8-6 Other Graphing Functions .......................................................... 146  
Connect Type and Plot Type Graphs (Draw Type) ..................................... 146  
Trace .......................................................................................................... 146  
Scroll ......................................................................................................... 149  
Graphing in a Specific Range .................................................................... 149  
Overwrite ................................................................................................... 149  
Zoom ......................................................................................................... 151  
Using the Auto View Window ..................................................................... 154  
Adjusting the Ranges of a Graph (SQR) ................................................... 155  
Rounding Coordinates (RND) ................................................................... 156  
Converting x- and y-axis Values to Integers (INTG) .................................. 157  
Returning the View Window to Its Previous Settings ................................. 158  
8-7 Picture Memory............................................................................ 159  
8-8 Graph Background ...................................................................... 161  
Chapter 9 Graph Solve ............................................................. 163  
9-1 Before Using Graph Solve .......................................................... 164  
9-2 Analyzing a Function Graph ....................................................... 165  
Determining Roots..................................................................................... 165  
Determining Maximums and Minimums .................................................... 166  
Determining y-intercepts ........................................................................... 167  
Determining Points of Intersection for Two Graphs.................................... 168  
Determining a Coordinate (x for a given y/y for a given x)......................... 169  
Determining the Integral for Any Range .................................................... 171  
9-3 Graph Solve Precautions ............................................................ 172  
Chapter 10 Sketch Function ..................................................... 173  
10-1 Before Using the Sketch Function ............................................. 174  
10-2 Graphing with the Sketch Function ........................................... 176  
Tangent ...................................................................................................... 176  
Line Normal to a Curve ............................................................................. 177  
Graphing an Inverse Function ................................................................... 178  
Plotting Points............................................................................................ 179  
Turning Plot Points On and Off .................................................................. 181  
Drawing a Line........................................................................................... 182  
Drawing a Circle ........................................................................................ 184  
Drawing Vertical and Horizontal Lines ....................................................... 185  
Freehand Drawing ..................................................................................... 185  
Comment Text............................................................................................ 186  
Turning Pixels On and Off ......................................................................... 187  
xxiv  
 
Contents  
Clearing Drawn Lines and Points .............................................................. 188  
Chapter 11 Dual Graph ............................................................. 189  
11-1 Before Using Dual Graph ............................................................ 190  
About Dual Graph Screen Types ............................................................... 190  
11-2 Specifying the Left and Right View Window Parameters ......... 192  
11-3 Drawing a Graph in the Active Screen....................................... 194  
11-4 Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen ................................ 195  
Before Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen ..................................... 195  
Copying the Active Graph to the Inactive Screen ...................................... 195  
Switching the Contents of the Active and Inactive Screens ...................... 196  
Drawing Different Graphs on the Active Screen and Inactive Screen ....... 196  
Other Graph Functions with Dual Graph ................................................... 199  
Chapter 12 Graph-to-Table ....................................................... 201  
12-1 Before Using Graph-to-Table ...................................................... 202  
12-2 Using Graph-to-Table .................................................................. 203  
12-3 Graph-to-Table Precautions........................................................ 206  
Chapter 13 Dynamic Graph ...................................................... 207  
13-1 Before Using Dynamic Graph ..................................................... 208  
13-2 Storing, Editing, and Selecting Dynamic Graph Functions..... 209  
13-3 Drawing a Dynamic Graph .......................................................... 210  
10-time Continuous Drawing ..................................................................... 213  
Continuous Drawing .................................................................................. 215  
Stop & Go Drawing .................................................................................... 216  
13-4 Using Dynamic Graph Memory .................................................. 218  
13-5 Dynamic Graph Application Examples ...................................... 220  
Chapter 14 Implicit Function Graphs ...................................... 223  
14-1 Before Graphing an Implicit Function ....................................... 224  
Entering the CONICS Mode ...................................................................... 224  
14-2 Graphing an Implicit Function.................................................... 225  
14-3 Implicit Function Graph Analysis............................................... 228  
14-4 Implicit Function Graphing Precautions ................................... 233  
xxv  
 
Contents  
Chapter 15 Table & Graph......................................................... 235  
15-1 Before Using Table & Graph ....................................................... 236  
15-2 Storing a Function and Generating a Numeric Table ............... 237  
Variable Specifications .............................................................................. 237  
Generating a Table .................................................................................... 238  
Specifying the function type ...................................................................... 240  
15-3 Editing and Deleting Functions.................................................. 241  
15-4 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs........................................... 242  
Row Operations ......................................................................................... 243  
Deleting a Table ......................................................................................... 244  
Graphing a Function .................................................................................. 245  
15-5 Copying a Table Column to a List .............................................. 248  
Chapter 16 Recursion Table and Graph................................... 249  
16-1 Before Using the Recursion Table and Graph Function........... 250  
16-2 Inputting a Recursion Formula and Generating a Table........... 251  
16-3 Editing Tables and Drawing Graphs........................................... 256  
Before Drawing a Graph for a Recursion Formula .................................... 257  
Drawing a Convergence/Divergence Graph (WEB graph) ........................ 258  
Chapter 17 List Function .......................................................... 263  
List Data Linking .................................................................................... 264  
17-1 List Operations ............................................................................ 265  
17-2 Editing and Rearranging Lists.................................................... 268  
Editing List Values ..................................................................................... 268  
Sorting List Values ..................................................................................... 270  
17-3 Manipulating List Data ................................................................ 272  
Accessing the List Data Manipulation Function Menu ............................... 272  
17-4 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists .......................................... 278  
Error Messages ......................................................................................... 278  
Inputting a List into a Calculation .............................................................. 278  
Recalling List Contents .............................................................................. 280  
Graphing a Function Using a List .............................................................. 280  
Inputting Scientific Calculations into a List ................................................ 280  
Performing Scientific Function Calculations Using a List .......................... 281  
17-5 Switching Between List Files ..................................................... 282  
xxvi  
 
Contents  
Chapter 18 Statistical Graphs and Calculations .................... 283  
18-1 Before Performing Statistical Calculations ............................... 284  
18-2 Paired-Variable Statistical Calculation Examples ..................... 285  
Inputting Data into Lists ............................................................................. 285  
Plotting Data .............................................................................................. 285  
Plotting a Scatter Diagram......................................................................... 286  
Changing Graph Parameters ..................................................................... 286  
1. Graph draw/non-draw status (SELECT) ................................................ 287  
2. General graph settings (SET) ................................................................ 288  
Drawing an xy Line Graph ......................................................................... 292  
Selecting the Regression Type .................................................................. 292  
Displaying Statistical Calculation Results .................................................. 293  
Graphing Statistical Calculation Results ................................................... 293  
18-3 Calculating and Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data ..... 294  
Drawing a Histogram (Bar Graph) ............................................................. 294  
Med-Box Graph (Med-Box) ....................................................................... 294  
Mean-box Graph........................................................................................ 294  
Normal Distribution Curve ......................................................................... 295  
Line Graph ................................................................................................. 295  
Displaying Single-Variable Statistical Results ........................................... 296  
18-4 Calculating and Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data ..... 297  
Linear Regression Graph .......................................................................... 297  
Med-Med Graph ........................................................................................ 297  
Quadratic/Cubic/Quartic Regression Graph .............................................. 298  
Logarithmic Regression Graph .................................................................. 299  
Exponential Regression Graph.................................................................. 299  
Power Regression Graph .......................................................................... 300  
Displaying Paired-Variable Statistical Results ........................................... 301  
Copying a Regression Graph Formula to the Graph Mode ....................... 302  
Multiple Graphs ......................................................................................... 302  
18-5 Other Graphing Functions .......................................................... 304  
Manual Graphing ....................................................................................... 304  
Setting the Width of a Histogram/Line Graph ............................................ 304  
18-6 Performing Statistical Calculations ........................................... 305  
Single-Variable Statistical Calculations ..................................................... 305  
Paired-Variable Statistical Calculations ..................................................... 306  
Regression Calculation ............................................................................. 306  
Estimated Value Calculation ( , ) ............................................................ 307  
Probability Distribution Calculation and Graphing ..................................... 308  
Probability Graphing .................................................................................. 311  
xxvii  
 
Contents  
Chapter 19 Programming ......................................................... 313  
19-1 Before Programming ................................................................... 314  
19-2 Programming Examples.............................................................. 315  
19-3 Debugging a Program ................................................................. 321  
19-4 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program ............. 322  
19-5 Secret Function............................................................................ 323  
19-6 Searching for a File...................................................................... 325  
19-7 Searching for Data Inside a Program......................................... 327  
19-8 Editing File Names and Program Contents ............................... 328  
19-9 Deleting a Program...................................................................... 332  
19-10 Useful Program Commands ....................................................... 333  
19-11 Command Reference................................................................... 337  
Command Index ........................................................................................ 337  
Basic Operation Commands ..................................................................... 338  
Program Commands (COM)...................................................................... 339  
Program Control Commands (CTL)........................................................... 343  
Jump Commands (JUMP) ......................................................................... 345  
Clear Commands (CLR) ............................................................................ 347  
Display Commands (DISP)........................................................................ 347  
Input/Output Commands (I/O) ................................................................... 350  
Conditional Jump Relational Operators (REL) .......................................... 352  
19-12 Text Display .................................................................................. 353  
19-13 Using Calculator Functions in Programs .................................. 354  
Using Matrix Row Operations in a Program .............................................. 354  
Using Graph Functions in a Program ........................................................ 355  
Using Dynamic Graph Functions in a Program ......................................... 356  
Using Table & Graph Functions in a Program ........................................... 357  
Using Recursion Table & Graph Functions in a Program .......................... 358  
Using List Sort Functions in a Program ..................................................... 359  
Using Statistical Calculations and Graphs in a Program ........................... 359  
Performing Statistical Calculations ............................................................ 361  
Chapter 20 Data Communications ........................................... 363  
20-1 Connecting Two Units ................................................................. 364  
20-2 Connecting the Unit with a Personal Computer ....................... 365  
20-3 Connecting the Unit with a CASIO Label Printer ...................... 366  
20-4 Before Performing a Data Communication Operation ............. 367  
xxviii  
 
Contents  
20-5 Performing a Data Transfer Operation ....................................... 368  
20-6 Screen Send Function................................................................. 372  
20-7 Data Communications Precautions ........................................... 373  
Chapter 21 Program Library ..................................................... 375  
1. Prime Factor Analysis ....................................................................... 376  
2. Greatest Common Measure .............................................................. 378  
3. t-Test Value ......................................................................................... 380  
4. Circle and Tangents ........................................................................... 382  
5. Rotating a Figure ............................................................................... 389  
Appendix .................................................................................. 393  
Appendix A Resetting the Calculator.................................................. 394  
Appendix B Power Supply ................................................................... 396  
Replacing Batteries ................................................................................... 396  
About the Auto Power Off Function ........................................................... 398  
Appendix C Error Message Table ........................................................ 399  
Appendix D Input Ranges .................................................................... 401  
Appendix E 2-byte Command Table .................................................... 404  
Appendix F Specifications ................................................................... 405  
Index ....................................................................................................... 410  
Command Index ..................................................................................... 416  
Key Index ................................................................................................ 417  
xxix  
 
Getting Acquainted  
— Read This First!  
The symbols in this manual indicate the  
following messages.  
: Important notes  
: Notes  
: Reference pages  
P.000  
 
1. Key Markings  
Many of the calculator’s keys are used to perform more than one function. The func-  
tions marked on the keyboard are color coded to help you find the one you need  
quickly and easily.  
Function  
Key Operation  
l
1
2
3
log  
10x  
B
!l  
al  
The following describes the color coding used for key markings.  
Color  
Key Operation  
Orange  
Press ! and then the key to perform the marked  
function.  
Red  
Press a and then the key to perform the marked  
function.  
2
 
2. Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
This section describes how to select an icon in the Main Menu to enter the mode you want.  
uTo select an icon  
1. Press m to display the Main Menu.  
m
Currently selected icon  
2. Use the cursor keys (d, e, f, c) to move the highlighting to the icon you  
want.  
3. Press w to display the initial screen of the mode whose icon you selected.  
You can also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by  
inputting the number or letter marked in the lower right corner of the icon.  
• Use only the procedures described above to enter a mode. If you use any other  
procedure, you may end up in a mode that is different than the one you thought  
you selected.  
The following explains the meaning of each icon.  
Icon  
Meaning  
Use this mode for arithmetic calculations and func-  
tion calculations, and for calculations involving  
binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values.  
Use this mode to perform single-variable (stand-  
ard deviation) and paired-variable (regression) sta-  
tistical calculations, and to draw statistical graphs.  
Use this mode for storing and editing matrices.  
Use this mode for storing and editing numeric  
data.  
Use this mode to store graph functions and to  
draw graphs using the functions.  
Use this mode to store graph functions and to  
draw multiple versions of a graph by changing the  
values assigned to the variables in a function.  
3
 
2
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
Icon  
Meaning  
Use this mode to store functions, to generate a  
numeric table of different solutions as the values  
assigned to variables in a function change, and  
to draw graphs.  
Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to gen-  
erate a numeric table of different solutions as the  
values assigned to variables in a function change,  
and to draw graphs.  
Use this mode to draw graphs of implicit func-  
tions.  
Use this mode to solve linear equations with two  
through six unknowns, quadratic equations, and  
cubic equations.  
Use this mode to store programs in the program  
area and to run programs.  
Use this mode to transfer memory contents or  
back-up data to another unit.  
Use this mode to adjust the contrast of the dis-  
play.  
Use this mode to check how much memory is  
used and remaining, to delete data from memory,  
and to initialize (reset) the calculator.  
k Using the Set Up Screen  
The first thing that appears when you enter a mode is the mode’s set up screen,  
which shows the current status of settings for the mode. The following procedure  
shows how to change a set up.  
uTo change a mode set up  
1. Select the icon you want and press w enter a mode and display its initial screen.  
Here we will enter the RUN Mode.  
2. Press !Z to display the mode’s set up  
screen.  
• This set up screen is just one possible exam-  
ple. Actual set up screen contents will differ  
according to the mode you are in and that  
mode’s current settings.  
1 2 3 4 5  
6
4
 
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
2
3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item whose  
setting you want to change.  
4. Press the function key (1 to 6) that is marked with the setting you want to  
make.  
5. After you are finished making any changes you want, press J to return to the  
initial screen of the mode.  
k Set Up Screen Function Key Menus  
This section details the settings you can make using the function keys in the set up  
display.  
uCalculation/Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal Setting Mode (Mode)  
1 (Comp) ..... General Arithmetic Calcula-  
tion Mode  
2 (Dec) ........ Specifies decimal values as  
default  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
3 (Hex) ........ Specifies hexadecimal val-  
ues as default  
4 (Bin) ......... Specifies binary values as default  
5 (Oct) ......... Specifies octal values as default  
uGraph Function Type (Func Type)  
1 (Y=) .......... Rectangular coordinate  
graphs  
2 (r=) ........... Polar coordinate graphs  
3 (Parm) ...... Parametric coordinate  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
graphs  
4 (X=c) ........ Graphs in which value of X  
is constant  
6 (g) ........... Next menu  
1 (Y>) .......... y > f(x) inequality graph  
2 (Y<) .......... y < f(x) inequality graph  
3 (Y) .......... y > f(x) inequality graph  
4 (Y) .......... y < f(x) inequality graph  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
6 (g) ........... Previous menu  
• The setting you make for Func Type determines the variable name that is input  
when you press v.  
5
 
2
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
uGraph Draw Type (Draw Type)  
1 (Con) ........ Connection of points plot-  
ted on graph.  
2 (Plot) ........ Plotting of points on graph  
without connection.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uDerivative Display Mode (Derivative)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of deriva-  
tive value when using  
Graph-to-Table, Table &  
Graph, and Trace.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of deriva-  
tive value.  
uAngle Unit (Angle)  
1 (Deg) ........ Specifies degrees as  
default.  
2 (Rad) ........ Specifies radians as  
default.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
3 (Gra) ........ Specifies grads as default.  
uGraph Pointer Coordinates (Coord)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of coordi-  
nates of current graph  
screen pointer location.  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of coordi-  
nates of current graph  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
screen pointer location.  
uGraph Gridlines (Grid)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of graph  
P.136  
screen gridlines.  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of graph  
screen gridlines.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uGraph Axes (Axes)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of graph  
screen axes.  
P.136  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of graph  
screen axes.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
6
 
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
2
uGraph Axis Labels (Label)  
P.136  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of graph  
screen axis labels.  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of graph  
screen axis labels.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uDisplay Format (Display)  
1 (Fix).......... Displays screen for speci-  
fication of number of deci-  
mal places.  
2 (Sci) ......... Displays screen for speci-  
fication of number of signifi-  
cant digits.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
3 (Norm)...... Switches exponential format display range.  
4 (Eng) ........ Engineering mode.  
P.18  
uStatistical Graph View Window Setting (Stat Wind)  
1 (Auto) ....... Automatic setting of view  
window values for statistical  
graph drawing.  
2 (Man) ....... Manual setting of view win-  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
dow values for statistical  
graph drawing.  
uGraph Function Display (Graph Func)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of function  
during graph drawing and  
trace.  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of function  
during graph drawing and  
trace.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
P.161  
uGraph Background (Background)  
1 (None) ...... No graph background.  
2 (PICT) ...... Displays screen for speci-  
fication of picture for graph  
background.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
7
 
2
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
uList File Specification (List File)  
1(File 1)~  
P.282  
6(File 6) .... List file number (1 to 6) specifi-  
cation.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uDual Screen Mode (Dual Screen)  
The Dual Screen Mode setting you can select differs depending upon whether you  
are using the GRAPH Mode set up screen or the TABLE/RECUR Mode set up screen.  
GRAPH Mode  
P.190  
P.202  
1 (Grph) ...... Divides screen into two  
parts, each of which can be  
used for graphing.  
2 (GtoT) ...... Divides screen into two  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
parts for generation of nu-  
meric table from graph.  
3 (Off) .......... Dual Screen off.  
TABLE/RECUR Mode  
1 (T+G) ....... Divides screen into two  
parts, one for graphing and  
P.247  
one for a numeric table.  
2 (Off) .......... Dual Screen off.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uSimultaneous Graph Mode (Simul Graph)  
1 (On).......... Turns on simultaneous  
graphing of all functions in  
memory.  
2 (Off) .......... Simultaneous graphing off  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
(graphs drawn one-by-  
one).  
uDynamic Graph Type (Dynamic Type)  
P.215  
1 (Cnt) ......... Continuous drawing of Dy-  
namic Graphs.  
2 (Stop) ....... Automatic stopping of Dy-  
namic Graph drawing after  
10 draws.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
8
 
Selecting Icons and Entering Modes  
2
uTable & Graph Generation Settings (Variable)  
P.238  
P.238  
1 (Rang) ...... Table generation and graph  
drawing using numeric ta-  
ble range.  
2 (LIST) ....... Table generation and graph  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
drawing using list data.  
uΣ Data Display Mode (Σ Display)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of Σ value  
on recursion numeric table.  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of Σ value.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
uImplicit Function Graph Derivative Display Mode (Slope)  
1 (On).......... Turns on display of deriva-  
tive at current pointer loca-  
tion on implicit function  
graph screen.  
1 2 3 4 5 6  
2 (Off) .......... Turns off display of deriva-  
tive.  
Abbreviations  
STAT............... Statistics  
MAT ................ Matrix  
DYNA ............. Dynamic Graph  
RECUR .......... Recursion  
EQUA ............. Equation  
PRGM ............ Program  
CONT ............. Contrast  
MEM ............... Memory  
9
 
3. Display  
k About the Display Screen  
This calculator uses two types of display: a text display and a graphic display. The  
text display can show 21 columns and eight lines of characters, with the bottom line  
used for the function key menu, while the graph display uses an area that measures  
127 (W) × 63 (H) dots.  
Text Display  
Graph Display  
k About Menu Item Types  
This calculator uses certain conventions to indicate the type of result you can expect  
when you press a function key.  
• Next Menu  
Example:  
Selecting  
displays a menu of hyperbolic functions.  
• Command Input  
Example:  
Selecting  
inputs the sinh command.  
• Direct Command Execution  
Example:  
Selecting  
executes the DRAW command.  
10  
 
Display  
3
k Exponential Display  
The calculator normally displays values up to 10 digits long. Values that exceed this  
limit are automatically converted to and displayed in exponential format. You can  
specify one of two different ranges for automatic changeover to exponential display.  
Norm 1 ........... 10–2 (0.01) > |x|, |x| > 1010  
Norm 2 ........... 10–9 (0.000000001) > |x|, |x| > 1010  
uTo change the exponential display range  
1. Press !Z to display the Set Up Screen.  
2. Use f and c to move the highlighting to “Display”.  
3. Press 3 (Norm).  
The exponential display range switches between Norm 1 and Norm 2 each time you  
perform the above operation. There is no display indicator to show you which expo-  
nential display range is currently in effect, but you can always check it by seeing  
what results the following calculation produces.  
Ab/caaw  
(Norm 1)  
(Norm 2)  
All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1.  
uHow to interpret exponential format  
1.2E+12 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 1012. This means that you  
should move the decimal point in 1.2 twelve places to the right, because the expo-  
nent is positive. This results in the value 1,200,000,000,000.  
1.2E–03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2 × 10–3. This means that you  
should move the decimal point in 1.2 three places to the left, because the exponent  
is negative. This results in the value 0.0012.  
11  
 
3
Display  
k Special Display Formats  
This calculator uses special display formats to indicate fractions, hexadecimal val-  
ues, and sexagesimal values.  
uFractions  
12  
––––  
..... Indicates: 456  
23  
uHexadecimal Values  
uSexagesimal Values  
..... Indicates: ABCDEF12(16), which  
equals –1412567278(10)  
..... Indicates: 12° 34’ 56.78"  
• In addition to the above, this calculator also uses other indicators or symbols,  
which are described in each applicable section of this manual as they come up.  
k Calculation Execution Screen  
Whenever the calculator is busy drawing a graph or executing a long, complex cal-  
culation or program, a black box (k) flashes in the upper right corner of the display.  
This black box tells you that the calculator is performing an internal operation.  
12  
 
4. Contrast Adjustment  
Adjust the contrast whenever objects on the display appear dim or difficult to see.  
uTo display the contrast adjustment screen  
Highlight the CONT icon in the Main Menu and then press w.  
Use d and e to adjust contrast.  
d makes figures on the screen lighter, while e makes them darker.  
• Holding down d or e changes the contrast setting at high speed.  
After adjusting the contrast, press m to return to the Main Menu.  
13  
 
5. When you keep having problems…  
If you keep having problems when you are trying to perform operations, try the fol-  
lowing before assuming that there is something wrong with the calculator.  
k Get the Calculator Back to its Original Mode Settings  
1. In the Main Menu, select the RUN icon and press w.  
2. Press ! Z to display the Set Up Screen.  
3. Highlight “Angle” and press 2 (Rad).  
4. Highlight “Display” and press 3 (Norm) to select the exponential display range  
(Norm 1 or Norm 2) that you want to use.  
P.3  
5. Now enter the correct mode and perform your calculation again, monitoring the  
results on the display.  
k In Case of Hang Up  
• Should the unit hang up and stop responding to input from the keyboard, press  
the P button on the back of the calculator to reset the memory. Note, however,  
that this clears all the data in calculator memory.  
P.395  
k Low Battery Message  
The low battery message appears while the main battery power is below a certain  
level whenever you press o to turn power on or m to display the Main Menu.  
o or m  
About 3 seconds later  
P.396  
If you continue using the calculator without replacing batteries, power will automati-  
cally turn off to protect memory contents. Once this happens, you will not be able to  
turn power back on, and there is the danger that memory contents will be corrupted  
or lost entirely.  
You will not be able to perform data communications operations once the low  
battery message appears.  
14  
 

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